Category “D”: characteristics, training, traffic rules

To drive a car on the territory of the Russian Federation, you need to have a special license to drive vehicles. The legal opportunity to drive a vehicle is granted after the issuance of a driver’s license upon fulfillment of three conditions - reaching the established age, the absence of medical contraindications and successful completion of training at a driving school. If a person gets behind the wheel without having a driving license of the appropriate category, he may be fined in the amount of 5,000 to 15,000 rubles under Part 1 of Art. 12.7. Code of Administrative Offences. Therefore, if you want to drive a category D vehicle in 2021, you must first obtain a driver’s license, which will contain the appropriate mark.

Driving license category D – what is it?

A category D driver's license is a document issued by the territorial traffic police, containing on the reverse side a note indicating that the citizen is authorized to drive buses and other vehicles with more than 8 seats, specially designed for organized passenger transportation. Also, a category D driver's license in 2021 allows you to drive a vehicle with more than 8 passenger seats, coupled to a trailer, the maximum permitted weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms (Part 1 of Article 25 of Federal Law No. 196).

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Upon receipt of a driver's license with category D, access to expanded categories of rights opens:

Categories of tractor licenses: decoding

1. Topics related to the theory of safe control of self-propelled vehicles.
2. Topics related to the use of specific vehicles and related equipment.
3. Traffic rules theory.
4. A practical exam covering all theoretical knowledge acquired.

• "A". This includes vehicles that are not designed to travel on highways that have general purpose status; This also includes self-propelled vehicles, the maximum speed of which is 50 km/h. Be careful! Category “A3” in a tractor license does not belong to this group! Having “A”, you can control:

1. Off-road motor vehicles.
2. Off-road vehicles with a maximum total weight of no more than 3.5 tons, and a number of passenger seats of no more than 8.
3. Off-road vehicles weighing more than 3.5 tons (except for equipment that is included in IV). Again, we repeat that category “A3” in the new tractor license does not belong to this group.
4. Off-road vehicle transport, where the number of passenger seats will be more than 8.

• "IN". Tracked and wheeled vehicles with an engine power of no more than 25.7 kW.
• "WITH". Wheeled vehicles, the power of which varies between 25.7-110.3 kW.
• "D". Category “D” tractor licenses provide the ability to drive wheeled vehicles with a power of more than 110.3 kW.
• "E". Tracked self-propelled vehicles with a motor power of more than 25.7 kW.
• "F". Category of agricultural self-propelled transport.

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What vehicles can be driven with category D?

In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 25 Federal Law No. 196, a citizen who has received a driving license with mark D, in 2021, acquires the opportunity to absolutely legally drive vehicles that are intended for passenger transportation and that have more than 8 seats, that is, 9, 10, 11, 12, and so on further (not counting the driver's seat).

Simply put, having D, a person gets the right to drive a variety of buses (regardless of their weight and passenger capacity) - from the smallest to the largest (except articulated ones).

Category D license also allows you to drive buses with trailers, provided that the weight of the latter does not exceed 750 kilograms.

If the trailer weighs more than 750 kilograms, you will have to get DE. With the DE category you can manage:

• any buses with a trailer if the weight of the latter is 750 kg. or more;
• articulated vehicles.

Category DE rights can be opened only after receiving category D. In ab. 5 hours 2 tbsp. 26 Federal Law No. 196 clearly states this - the right to drive vehicles classified as DE is granted to persons who have a driver’s license with category D for at least 1 year or more.

At what age can you get a D?

Based on Part 2 of Art. 26 Federal Law No. 196, only persons who are over 21 years old can take exams and receive a driver’s license with a mark indicating the ability to drive category D vehicles.

At the same time, it is not allowed to take exams before reaching the specified age (as, for example, this is possible in relation to category B - that is, a person can undergo training at a driving school, pass theory, practice at the race track and the city upon reaching 17 years of age, and already at 18 simply receive VU - part 3 of article 26 of Federal Law No. 196).

In 2021, there is an exception to the above rule. If a citizen undergoes military service, upon appropriate assignment from a military unit, he has the right to unlearn and take exams for D , starting at the age of 19 (Part 4 of Article 26 of Federal Law No. 196). Until he reaches the age of 21, he will be able to travel only on buses assigned to military organizations. And after reaching this age, it will be possible to drive civilian passenger vehicles.

Difference between rights categories D and D1

If a citizen plans to drive a vehicle with a not too large passenger capacity, then you can not receive the main category D, but pass the exams for a lower one - D1.

In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 25 Federal Law No. 196, if you have D1 on your driver’s license, you can ride the following buses:

• which have from 9 to 16 passenger seats inclusive;
• or which have the same passenger capacity, but are also coupled to a trailer whose weight is up to 750 kg..

There is also a subcategory D1E. It will be needed by the citizen who plans to travel on buses belonging to class D1, with a trailer weighing 750 kilograms or more. In addition, two conditions must be met simultaneously:

• the weight of the towbar should not exceed the weight of the bus without load;
• the total weight of the structure (vehicle + trailer) is no more than 12 tons.

If at least one of the above conditions is not met, you will need to obtain the DE category in 2021.

Particular attention should be paid to the following conditions:

• D1, like D, can be opened starting from the age of 21;
• Having received D1, the driver will not be able to drive a vehicle of category D (in other words, you cannot drive a bus with a D1 license that has 17, 18, 19 or more passenger seats);
• the presence of category D in a driver's license confirms the right to drive a vehicle of class D1 (Part 7, Article 25 of Federal Law No. 196) - in other words, if a person opens D, then he is automatically marked with D1 on his license.

Tractor driver's license and category

This broad group includes various types of transport, such as ATVs, bulldozers and excavators. All these types of equipment have their own category of tractor driver. There are general criteria for self-propelled vehicles:

Training must be completed only in state-approved educational institutions. Please check your license and accreditation before enrolling. If they refuse to provide you with these documents, then you should look for another place to study. You will only waste your time, and you will not be allowed to take part in the final certification to receive a certificate.

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Requirements for receiving D

Formally (by law), to obtain the right to drive category D buses, you must:

• reach 21 years of age;
• attend a driving school;
• do not have relevant medical contraindications;
• successfully pass theory, practice at a specialized race track, as well as an exam conducted in urban traffic conditions.

Judging by Part 2 of Art. 25 Federal Law No. 196, the right to register categories B, C, D, A, and others is given to:

• those who passed the exams;
• who has reached the appropriate age.

Based on clause 17 of Resolution No. 1097, those who are allowed to take the exams:

• has a medical certificate stating that he has no contraindications to driving;
• completed training at a driving school.

At the same time, nowhere in the legislation does it say that to open D you need to have so many years of driving experience or other categories.

But this is stated in unofficial sources and even on the websites of many driving schools. It says that to enroll in training you need:

• have B and C already open;
• have over 3 years of driving experience;
• make a medical record;
• have no contraindications to driving.

These requirements are not imposed by the traffic police, but by the driving schools themselves.

Features of obtaining rights – B

Persons over 18 years of age are allowed to take the exam only after completing training at a driving school. You cannot undergo self-training or self-study. The cost of studying at VU-B is on average 17,000 rubles, lasts from 2 months, includes:

• theoretical knowledge, certification on it;
• practical classes with an instructor, driving on a race track;
• driving a car in a city.

When the scheduled hours of study are completed, a driver's card is issued. Then you can take exams at the traffic police. There should be honey on your hands. a certificate indicating fitness to drive for health reasons. Read more about obtaining category B in this article.

After passing the exam at the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate, a driving license is issued with the opening of a B, B1, M license to drive a vehicle. A beginner must drive with an exclamation mark - to identify the vehicle for at least 2 years.

Cost of training for category D license

Training for a driver's license category D is carried out on the basis of an agreement on the provision of paid educational services. It should indicate:

• full cost;
• payment procedure (immediately or in installments) (Part 3 of Article 54 of Federal Law No. 273 of December 29, 2012).

There is no government regulation of prices. Therefore, each school sets its own prices.

In 2021, the average cost of training varies from 30 to 50 thousand rubles and depends on:

• pricing policy of a particular educational institution;
• subject of the Russian Federation;
• number of academic hours of theory and practice.

Payment usually includes:

• the cost of fuels and lubricants for a training machine;
• post-lecture consultations with the teacher in case of missed classes;
• preparation of a package of documentation for the traffic police (certificate of completion of training, driver’s card).

In some cases, the price also includes a set of educational literature (examination tickets, a book with Traffic Rules, etc.).

How to get a D in 2021 - step-by-step instructions

Registration of the right to drive buses is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. checking yourself for compliance with the requirements (age - from 21 years, driving experience - from 3 years, availability of already opened B, C, issued medical book);
2. choosing a school based on reviews from friends, acquaintances or other people who have already graduated, by price factor, by distance from the place of residence, by personal preferences (it is also mandatory to check whether the educational organization has a license , and to clarify addresses, contact numbers and a list of categories, for which training is provided, you can use a special service from the traffic police);
3. conclusion of an agreement on the provision of paid services;
4. making payment in full or in installments, providing the school with relevant payment documents;
5. attendance at theoretical and practical classes (in accordance with the curriculum, it can be clarified at the school itself);
6. obtaining a certificate of completion of training;
7. visit to the territorial State Traffic Inspectorate, provision of an application and documents necessary for passing the exams and issuing a driving license;
8. obtaining details for paying state duty and making a payment at any bank (2000 rubles);
9. waiting for a traffic police official to check the submitted documents and information in accordance with clauses 60 - clause 75 of Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995 (for forgery, for the presence of data on the deprivation of the applicant’s rights, etc.);
10. waiting for the appointment of exam dates (clause 76.1. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995);
11. passing theory and practice on the racetrack and in the city;
12. clarification from the traffic police when you can pick up a ready-made driver’s license with open category D;
13. receiving it in your hands on the appointed date and time.

In 2021, documents specifically for issuing licenses with category D do not need to be submitted separately (the applicant has already submitted them before passing the exams).

The driver is not required to provide photographs, so the traffic police officers themselves take the photographs on the day they receive a new driver’s license.

Category D driver's license. Requirements for admission to training

To open category D, the driver must meet several requirements:

• at the start of training, categories “C”, “B” or one of them must be open;
• The age limit for admission is at least 21 years old. For those in the service, this figure is less, 19 years;
• confirmation of health status. The absence of diseases, the presence of which does not allow the transportation of people (heart disease, central nervous system, mental disorders, etc.). The list was approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No. 302n dated April 12, 2011;
• The total driving experience must be more than three years.

To obtain admission, you must provide a valid driver's license with open categories "C", "B", two standard photographs (3.5 by 4.5 (we discussed photo requirements in more detail in this article)), a passport and a medical examination report.

Having temporary registration gives you the right to undergo a medical examination at your actual location. In other cases, the certificate is issued only at the place of registration. If the driver is a resident of another state, a translation of the passport with notarization is attached to the listed documents.

Theoretical exam for license category D

In accordance with paragraphs. “a” clause 9 of Resolution No. 1097, in order to obtain a driver’s license category D, you must pass the theory.

The procedure for conducting a theoretical exam for driving license category D:

• first, the traffic police official establishes the identity of the examinees, introduces them to the automated workstation (AWS) where knowledge control will be carried out (clause 85 of Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995), and answers additional questions;
• then all candidate drivers are seated at an automated workplace, where they are asked to answer 20 questions, combined into 4 thematic blocks (5 questions in each block) (clause 92 of Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995) - the answer options can be from 2 to 5, with In this case, only one of them is always correct;
• after answering all the questions or after the set time has elapsed (a total of 20 minutes), a grade of “Pass” or “Fail” is given, about which the relevant information is entered into the examination sheet (clause 100 of Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995).

“Failed” will be (without any opportunity to correct anything, that is, they won’t give additional questions), if you do:

• 3 errors, each of them in different thematic blocks;
• 2 errors IN THE SAME thematic block (clause 97 of the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995).

But you can still fix it if:

• out of 20 questions, answer only 1 incorrectly - then you need to answer 5 additional questions within 5 minutes (if you answer them correctly, it will be “Pass”, if you make an error in at least one, that’s it, you will be sent for a retake);
• out of 20 questions, answer 2 incorrectly, but IN DIFFERENT BLOCKS - then you need to answer 10 questions correctly in 10 minutes (and again you need to give the correct answer to all these additional questions - then they will give a “Pass” grade, otherwise the examinee should retake – clause 99 and clause 97.3 of the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995).

Practice on the racetrack and in the city

If the theory has been successfully passed, then the candidate driver is allowed to take a practical test at a specialized race track (clause 11 of Resolution No. 1097), otherwise he will first have to take a retake.

Passing the exam for obtaining a category D license at the race track in 2021 is as follows:

• first, the examiner checks the bus for operability, video cameras recording the passing process, compliance of the equipment of the test exercise areas with the established requirements (cones, markings) (clause 106 of Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995);
• Next, the driver’s identity is checked;
• then the candidate, at the examiner’s command, sits in the driver’s seat and prepares to begin the exercises (fastens his seat belt, adjusts the rear-view mirrors), after which he confirms his readiness to start by turning on the low beam headlights (clause 11 of Appendix 7 to Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995);
• at the examiner’s signal, the exercises begin: “Stopping and starting to move on an uphill slope,” “Maneuvering in a confined space,” “Reversing into a box,” “Parking a vehicle and leaving it,” “Stopping for safe boarding and disembarking of passengers.” , “Traveling through a controlled intersection.”

In 2021, a “Fail” grade will be assigned if, for example:

• the engine stalled 3 or more times (clause 113.7. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995);
• cones were hit 3 or more times;
• the driver moved in reverse while performing exercises where this is prohibited;
• the vehicle was allowed to roll back by 30 centimeters when stopping and starting to move on an incline.

After successfully passing the circuit, a time and place for the exam will be scheduled in the city . Preparation for it is carried out in approximately the same way as at the race track (that is, the examiner checks the readiness of the vehicle and video monitoring equipment; on command, the driver takes his seat, checks the mirrors, fastens his seat belt, etc.).

Then the movement begins along the established route. At the examiner’s command, the driver must perform the appropriate actions specified in clause 2 of Appendix 2 to Resolution No. 1097 (overtake, stop to allow citizens to pass at a pedestrian crossing, drive through an unregulated intersection of equal and unequal roads, etc.).

The examiner evaluates how the candidate complies with traffic rules and, if mistakes are made, assigns penalty points:

• 5 – for gross mistakes;
• 3 – for average;
• 1 – for small ones (clause 129 of Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995).

If you score more than 5 or more penalty points, the exam will be considered failed.

Rules of category "D"

The latest (2016-2017) exam papers for traffic rules “category “D”” include knowledge of the answers to the following basic questions:

1. Conditions of forced stop.
2. Possibility of access to a dirt road.
3. Is it possible to stop at the request of a passenger?
4. Which vehicle is only allowed to move to the right?
5. When making a left turn, where should you stop to let the driver of a car pass?
6. A flashing green traffic light is...
7. When should you turn on your turn signals?
8. How is a right turn made?
9. Minibus turning trajectory.
10. Driving speed in the left lane outside the city with a load heavier than 3.5 tons.
11. Is it possible to outrun trucks on the highway?
12. Who can you yield to when turning right?
13. Using low and high beam headlights.
14. A malfunction with which you can continue to use the vehicle.
15. Actions when entering a wet roadside.
16. The driver's reaction time is...
17. The maximum vehicle weight is...
18. Actions when a traffic controller raises his hand at an intersection.
19. When approaching a “children’s” bus with the emergency lights on, be sure to...
20. Purpose of daytime running lights.
21. Driving a vehicle weighing more than 3.5 tons is permissible in the absence of...
22. The presence of alcohol vapors in the air exhaled by the driver should not exceed...
23. “Give way” is the meaning of the requirement.
24. Light signals when maneuvering at gas stations and parking lots.
25. Lights on during daylight hours.
26. Quickly restore the functioning of the brakes when driving through a water obstacle.
27. First aid for injuries in a road accident.

In addition to this list, tasks with illustrative examples will be offered.

If you have driving experience and a responsible approach to training, both the practical and theoretical parts, retraining for category “D” will not be difficult.

What does a Category D university look like?

In 2021, a category D driver's license is a small rectangular document measuring 8.56 by 5.4 centimeters.

On the front part there is a photograph of the driver and basic information about him (full name, date and place of birth), as well as the validity period, series and number of the driver's license, the name of the traffic police department that issued the document, and the region of registration of the motorist. Column 9 indicates all types of cars that the driver can drive (including D).

On the reverse side there is a table indicating the categories of vehicles, the start and end dates of the right to drive them, and a field for making special notes.

Tractor driver's license

Category A III is an analogue of category C, and category A IV is an analogue of category D. That is. Having a category A IV tractor driver's license, you can also drive off-road minibuses that can bypass city traffic jams through nearby swamps.

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2. Self-propelled machines in these Rules mean tractors, self-propelled road-building machines and other ground-based trackless mechanical vehicles with independent drive and having an internal combustion engine with a volume of over 50 cubic meters. centimeters or an electric motor with a maximum power of more than 4 kW (with the exception of motor vehicles intended for movement on public roads with a maximum design speed of more than 50 km/h, and self-propelled combat vehicles of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies performing tasks in the field of defense and state security).

Is it possible to open D without having B and C?

By law - yes. However, all driving schools do not accept citizens to study for D if they do not have B and C, as well as 3 years of driving experience.

It turns out to be a vicious circle - according to the law, you can reach 21 years of age and go to study for a D, even without ever driving a car or truck, but in practice, the school will simply refuse to conclude an agreement. And without a certificate of completion of training, you cannot get a bus license.