New categories and subcategories of driver's licenses 2021

Characteristics of category B

A category of rights is permission to drive a certain type of vehicle. They exist in 5 types, each of which is issued depending on the weight, power, and type of control. Most motorists obtain a category B driver's license, as it covers the largest range of vehicles (including light trucks). However, before you take your license, you need to know what kind of cars you are allowed to drive. With a category B license you are allowed to drive the following vehicles:

• vehicles whose weight does not exceed 3500 kilograms (light trucks, utility vehicles);
• a car with no more than 8 seats (not counting the driver’s seat);
• transport of subcategories B and B1.

If you become the owner of such a driver’s license, then you can safely purchase cars from any manufacturer (Audi, BMW, VAZ, etc.) or light trucks from Citroen, Fiat, Ford, etc. This also includes SUVs and minibuses. The permissible maximum weight of 3500 kg includes a car with cargo and passengers, so you can drive not only all passenger cars, but also small trucks like the Gazelle.

Subcategory B1

If you open category B, you automatically get B1, which allows you to drive a tricycle and quadricycle. IMPORTANT! There is no need to confuse ATV and ATV, as the vehicles have clear differences:

• A quadricycle is a four-wheeled vehicle with a steering wheel, the maximum speed of which does not exceed 25 km/h. Such vehicles may have an open top or a roof. Usually these are micro cars or motorized wheelchairs. The maximum engine power does not exceed 20 horsepower, and the curb weight is no more than 400 kg, or no more than 550 kilograms if the purpose of the quadricycle is cargo transportation. To drive a quadricycle, a category B or B1 license will be sufficient.

• An ATV also has four wheels, but the steering wheel is no longer that of a car, but of a motorcycle. It is rare to see such a vehicle on regular roads due to its specification. To operate an ATV you will need a tractor driver's license.

Besides quadricycles, another vehicle that can be controlled from the B1 is a tricycle. This is usually a three-wheeled motorcycle that can be ridden on public roads.

This vehicle needs to be registered with the traffic police only if the internal combustion engine is more than 50 cubic meters. see, and the speed is above 50 km per hour. If these characteristics are lower, then the vehicle can be classified as category M or even a bicycle, for which a license is not required. Category B1 is an innovation and can only be obtained if you have category B.

Category BE

A driver's license allows you to drive a car with a trailer weighing no more than 750 kilograms. IMPORTANT! The total weight of the vehicle and trailer cannot exceed the norm established by category B - 3500 tons. For example, a Nissan Patrol car (weight 3400 kg) is coupled to a trailer weighing 460 kg. Although the weight of the trailer did not exceed the permissible norm, the total weight of the vehicle is 3860 kilograms, which implies a higher category C.

Interestingly, with category C you can no longer drive cars of category B, but you are allowed to drive vehicles weighing more than 3500 kg. Usually these are trucks. For the exam at the driving school, you will be provided with trucks. In the future, only trucks will be available for you to drive.

New categories

Let's start with a driver's license, which a driver of any vehicle must have with him. This is a special document that gives the right to drive a vehicle of one category or another. And before, before the introduction of the new law, there were only five such categories.

Category A gave the right to drive motorcycles. Category C allowed you to drive trucks weighing more than 3500 kg. Category D gave the driver the right to drive buses and other means of transporting passengers. Group E - allowed the driver to drive vehicles with trailers, road trains, tractors, etc.

New categories of rights

And finally, category B, which made it possible to drive only passenger cars weighing no more than 3500 kg. In addition, the number of seats in category B vehicles should not exceed eight, excluding the driver's seat.

All this applied to the driver's license used before 2011, which was issued for 10 years, and after the expiration of this period had to be replaced with a new one.

In 2011, a new procedure was introduced that affected categories. Now there are already nine of them.

And in 2013, another law was passed, which already implies as many as 16 categories.

A new group M has appeared, which allows you to control light ATVs, mopeds, and scooters. By the way, the traffic police have long wanted to curb the growing flow of scooters and mopeds.

The new law divided category A into two parts: a category that allows you to drive motorcycles with engines up to 50 cc. cm and subgroup A1, which gives the right to drive bikes with a capacity of over 50 cc, but below 125 cc. see. And at the same time, the delivery of licenses for light and heavy motorcycles becomes different. Now, if you want to ride a Harley, you will first have to pass your license to A1, and then to A. In addition, only an adult can now get behind the wheel of a heavy motorcycle.

Video about new categories of rights:

Group C was also divided into two parts: classic C, which allows you to drive heavy trucks with a permissible maximum weight of over 3.5 tons, and subcategory C1, which allows you to drive trucks over 3.5 tons, but not exceeding a weight of 7.5 This may include vehicles such as the GAZ Valdai or a long-wheelbase all-metal European van such as the Fiat Ducato.

In addition, a new category C1E has appeared, which allows you to drive trucks weighing from 3.5 to 7.5 tons and having a trailer weighing more than 750 kg.

And also CE, which gives the right to drive a vehicle with a trailer not exceeding twelve tons.

Go ahead. Group D involves driving vehicles with more than eight seats. As for category D1, this is a permit to drive passenger cars with seats from eight to sixteen.

In addition, category D1E is implied, which allows driving vehicles with seats from eight to sixteen and having a trailer weighing more than 750 kg.

But that’s not all in this category. A subcategory DE has also been added here. Drivers who receive this subcategory receive the right to drive buses with large trailers.

In addition, categories Tm and Tb have been introduced for trams and trolleybuses.

But what about the licenses that drivers already have? But here everything is simple. They will be legal until they expire. It may be indicated on the license plate. The current categories will be considered as follows:

• old A - will make it possible to control new A, A1 and M;
• Category C will allow you to drive C, C1 and M;
• old D - new D, D1 and M;
• E - new B, C, D.

Fines for non-compliance with rights

According to the traffic rules, if you drive a car with an inappropriate category, then this is regarded as driving without a license at all and, in accordance with Article 12.7 Part 1 of the Code of Administrative Offences, is punished as follows:

• fine from 5 to 15 thousand rubles;
• car detention;
• deprivation of driver's license.

If the car is driven by a student accompanied by an instructor who has the required category, no penalty will be imposed.

Features of obtaining category B licenses

To open category B rights, you need to do the following:

• study at a driving school and pass an exam, which includes both theory and practice of traffic rules;
• obtain a certificate from a medical institution stating that you can drive a car for health reasons;
• successfully pass the traffic police exam.

A driver's license is issued to the driver by the State Traffic Inspectorate if he has reached the age of 18. You can take the exam at the age of 17, but you will only receive your license once you reach adulthood. Category BE can be obtained from the age of 19.

Category b up to how many tons

To perform these actions, you should familiarize yourself with the current regulations. To obtain a driver's license as a citizen of Ukraine or a person with similar rights, the following steps must be completed. Additionally, it is necessary to take into account the minimum age for obtaining a particular category of rights in Ukraine.

But it is too early to talk about significant changes. The main problem of road user regulation is the availability of low-powered two-wheelers. These include the so-called scooters, mopeds, etc.

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What exams do you need to pass to get your license?

The exam, upon successful completion of which you will receive a category B license, consists of three parts.

1. Theory. A candidate for obtaining a license must answer 20 theoretical questions while solving computer tests. If you make 1 mistake, this entails 5 new questions that must be answered correctly, or you will not pass the exam. If everything went well, you can move on to the second part.
2. Autodrom. The examiner himself chooses which skills the student must demonstrate, but usually this is a standard set:

• entering the box in reverse;
• stopping and starting on an incline;
• parallel parking;
• driving through a controlled intersection, if there is one at the site;
• 2-3 more exercises to choose from (turn, turn, etc.).

1. Exam on a public road. In the city, passenger cars or mini trucks with automatic or manual transmissions are available for the exam. If a candidate for a driver's license took the exam in a manual car, then if he passes successfully, he will be given category B and its subcategories. If a student passed the race track in a car with an automatic transmission, then he can only drive cars with a similar transmission.

Table of driving license categories in 2020

On November 5, 2013, changes to the Law “On Road Safety” came into force, which not only changed the list of driver’s license categories, but also added completely new subcategories.

The breakdown of driving license categories is given in the following table:

The main thing you need to know about category “E” and driving with a trailer!

She doesn't exist. It was there previously and is necessary to be able to drive cars with a trailer. But in mid-2013 it was removed from official legislation. In the old edition, the regulation of this group of permitted rights was as follows:

2. The right to drive vehicles is granted:

• ….
• combinations of vehicles (category “E”) – to persons entitled to drive vehicles of categories “B”, “C” or “D” - if they have at least 12 months of experience driving a vehicle of the corresponding category;

But as of 2021, “E” does not exist, and instead of it, combinations of categories of rights have been introduced:

• BE – for the ability to drive a car with a light trailer,
• CE is required to drive a vehicle with a cargo trailer,
• DE – buses, respectively, with a tow hitch.

All these and other categories of rights permitted for driving are regulated by the Federal Law on Road Safety (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law on Road Traffic Safety), Articles 25, 26 and 27. In addition, there are now subcategories of the driver’s license that limit the types of vehicles permitted for driving with them. But any category of rights also permits everything that is permitted by its subcategory. That is, if you, for example, have “B”, then you automatically have “B1”.

So, now let's look at all the categories and subcategories of transport that exist today and what they are required for!

Driving license category A

1. In the Russian Federation, the following categories and their subcategories of vehicles are established, for which a special right to drive is granted (hereinafter referred to as the right to drive vehicles):

category "A" - motorcycles;

A category A driver's license allows you to drive any motorcycle, including motorcycles with a sidecar.

In addition, it gives the right to drive motorized wheelchairs, which are extremely difficult to find on the roads in 2021.

Let me remind you that, in accordance with the traffic rules, motorcycles include two-wheeled vehicles with or without a side trailer. In addition, category A allows you to drive three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles that, when loaded, weigh no more than 400 kg.

Up to how many places category B

An even bigger request to knowledgeable people, according to the new decoding of categories C, C1, CE, C1E, none of them now gives the right to drive a road train with a trailer or semi-trailer weighing more than 3.5 tons, not counting the weight of the tractor. What category is now needed to drive a road train with an empty semi-trailer weighing 14 tons. Not counting the weight of the tractor? Thanks in advance.

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At the beginning of the 2000s, the following entries began to be made in the “special notes” column: “E to B”, “E to C”, “E to D”, “E to BC”, “E to BD”, “E to CD”, "E to BCD." The new entry appeared on the license only after passing the appropriate exam at the traffic police.

Subcategory A1

subcategory “A1” - motorcycles with an internal combustion engine displacement not exceeding 125 cubic centimeters and a maximum power not exceeding 11 kilowatts;

Subcategory A1 allows you to drive motorcycles with a small engine capacity and low maximum power.

I note that drivers with a category A license can also drive vehicles of subcategory A1.

An important difference between subcategory A1 is that it can be opened at the age of 16.

Driving license category B

category “B” - cars (except for vehicles of category “A”), the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 3,500 kilograms and the number of seats, in addition to the driver’s seat, does not exceed eight; cars of category “B” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms; cars of category “B” coupled with a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 3500 kilograms;

A category B driver's license allows you to drive passenger cars, as well as small trucks, minibuses and jeeps that meet the above requirements.

Also, category B gives the right to drive motorized wheelchairs and cars with a trailer, the maximum permitted weight of which is not more than 750 kg.

In addition, it is possible to use trailers whose weight exceeds 750 kilograms, subject to the following requirements:

1. The permissible maximum weight of the trailer must not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle.

2. The total permissible maximum weight of the vehicle and trailer must not exceed 3.5 tons.

For example, let the permissible maximum weight of the car be 1,900 kg, and the unloaded weight 1,400 kg (these values ​​are indicated in paragraphs 14 and 15 of the vehicle passport).

Having a category B license, you can attach a trailer with a maximum permitted weight of 1400 kg to the specified vehicle. In this case, the permissible maximum weight of the trailer does not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle. In addition, the permissible maximum mass of the vehicle combination is 1,900 + 1,400 = 3,300 kg. It does not exceed 3,500 kilograms.

To drive a category B vehicle with a heavy trailer, the driver will need category BE:

category "BE" - cars of category "B" coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms and exceeds the weight of the vehicle without load; cars of category “B” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles exceeds 3500 kilograms;

Category B and speed limits

What about category B? It's not all the same here - cars and small trucks. The law added BE, allowing the driving of passenger cars with trailers weighing more than 750 kg on the rear. This category also makes it possible to drive a truck-road train, the total weight of which with a trailer will be equal to 3500 kg. These can be vans, for example, the popular Chinese Foton Ollin BJ and others.

Foton Ollin BJ - a truck falling under the BE category

The innovation touched upon such an important topic as truck speed limits stipulated by traffic rules. Under the new laws, drivers who previously drove cars are now driving small trucks. And it is not surprising that they drive at full speed and are unlikely to adapt to the different driving style that distinguishes drivers with category C and CE licenses.

There is a special section of the traffic rules, which clearly states that it is forbidden to exceed the speed limit on trucks and even on vans. In particular, these are category B cars with a permissible maximum weight of no more than 3.5 tons and trucks that carry passengers in the back.

Passenger trucks face the greatest restrictions. They must consider a maximum speed of 60 km/h as the maximum speed everywhere: near populated areas, on country roads, and even on highways. This sometimes causes misunderstanding on the part of drivers, but the law is the law.

As for category B non-passenger trucks, they are not allowed to exceed a speed of 110 km/h on motorways. By the way, there are few roads in Russia that are called highways. Not all Russian federal highways are considered highways, and therefore you will rarely have to drive at such speeds.

But on country roads, trucks can accelerate to 90 km/h.

And finally, near populated areas you should drive at a speed of no more than 60 km/h.

But what car driver has not witnessed a situation where he, driving at a speed of 90 km/h on a country road, was overtaken by a tractor with a semi-trailer? It turns out that the driver of the so-called truck exceeds the speed by as much as 30-50 km/h, bringing himself to a significant fine.

Driving license category C

category “C” - cars, with the exception of cars of category “D”, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3500 kilograms; cars of category “C” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms;

A category C driver's license allows you to drive only medium (from 3500 kg to 7500 kg) and heavy (more than 7500 kg) trucks, as well as trucks with a trailer whose maximum permissible weight does not exceed 750 kg.

Please note that category C does not give the right to drive small (less than 3500 kg) trucks and cars.

category "CE" - cars of category "C" coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight exceeds 750 kilograms;

To drive a category C car with a heavy (more than 750 kg) trailer or semi-trailer, the driver will need an additional category CE.

Types of trailers and their designations

Most of all, drivers are interested in whether it is possible to drive a car with a trailer with category B. If we are talking about a car with a tow, here you can limit yourself to a category “B” license. Other vehicles have their own standards.

The classification distinguishes four types of trailers:

• 01 – refers to light trailers whose weight does not exceed seven hundred and fifty kilograms;
• 02 – includes trailers weighing from seven hundred and fifty kilograms to three and a half tons;
• 03 – heavy units, weighing no more than ten tons;
• 04 – extra-heavy trailers weighing more than ten tons.

If the trailer is category 1, then no additional training is required from the owner.

Subcategory C1

subcategory “C1” - cars, with the exception of cars of category “D”, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3500 kilograms, but does not exceed 7500 kilograms; cars of subcategory “C1” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms;

Subcategory C1 includes medium-sized trucks, the permissible maximum weight of which is in the range from 3.5 to 7.5 tons.

This subcategory also allows you to transport a light trailer (up to 750 kg).

Drivers with main category C can also drive vehicles of subcategory C1.

subcategory “C1E” - cars of subcategory “C1” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the weight of the vehicle without load, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 12,000 kilograms;

There is also an additional subcategory C1E, which allows you to drive cars of subcategory C1 with heavy (more than 750 kg) trailers. In this case, the total permitted maximum weight of the truck and trailer must not exceed 12 tons.

Drivers with a senior CE category can also drive vehicles of subcategory C1E.

Category CE

And here everything is very simple - this category is needed in cases where the weight of the trailer exceeds 750 kilograms, and the weight of the car itself is 3.5 tons.

Almost all trucks in Russia in 2021 require the CE category to be able to drive them, since the trailer of the truck is what is included in the conditions of this mark in the vehicle - a coupling device weighing more than 750 kg.

Subcategory C1E

But here it gets a little more confusing! This subcategory includes drivers who are granted the right to drive:

• a vehicle of subcategory “C1” (weighing up to 7.5 tons) with a trailer that weighs more than 750 kg, but whose weight does not exceed the weight of the truck without load,
• the total weight of the train is no more than 12 tons.

Both conditions for being able to drive with subcategory "C1E" must be met. Otherwise, "CE" is needed.

Driving license category D

Category “D” - cars intended for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat; cars of category “D” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms;

A category D driver's license allows you to drive buses of various sizes, regardless of their permissible maximum weight, as well as buses with a trailer whose maximum permissible weight does not exceed 750 kg.

Having a driver's license category D, the driver can drive both small buses used as minibuses and huge tourist buses.

The only type of bus that does not qualify for Category D are articulated buses or 'accordion buses'.

To tow trailers with a permissible maximum weight exceeding 750 kg, as well as to drive articulated buses, a driver's license category DE is required.

Category “DE” - vehicles of category “D” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight exceeds 750 kilograms; articulated buses;

GAZ Gazelle White Cat › Logbook › Question about traffic rules

Well, the definition of the category. Category "B" allows driving vehicles, with the exception of those belonging to category "A", the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 3500 kg and the number of seats in addition to the driver's seat

,
does not exceed eight
.

In my PTS there is a note that there are 7p seats. But let’s say I need to take 8 people with me, I’ll add another chair, what could happen if the traffic police officers don’t like this fund-affair? Well, my own question turns out to be 2. 1. No matter how much I searched the Internet, I didn’t really understand how many passengers are the maximum for category B. I re-read the traffic rules, everything I found there: 22.1. Transportation of people in the back of a truck must be carried out by drivers who have a license to drive vehicles of category “C” (when transporting more than 8 people, including passengers in the cabin, categories “C” and “D”) and experience driving vehicles of this category more than 3 years. 22.8. It is prohibited to transport people: in excess of the number provided for by the technical characteristics of the vehicle. (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2021 N 767)

Subcategory D1

subcategory “D1” - cars intended for the transport of passengers and having more than eight, but not more than sixteen seats, in addition to the driver’s seat; cars of subcategory “D1” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms;

Subcategory D1 allows the driver to drive small buses with 9 to 16 seats. This category also allows the use of a light trailer weighing up to 750 kg.

This category includes small minibuses, for example RAF-2203 or GAZelle-3221, which were previously widely used as minibuses. Currently, minibuses of foreign brands are widespread, which have more than 16 seats, and for which subcategory D1 is not enough to drive.

Subcategory D1E is intended for driving small buses with heavy trailers:

subcategory “D1E” - cars of subcategory “D1” coupled to a trailer that is not intended for the carriage of passengers, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the weight of the vehicle without load, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 12,000 kilograms.

Please note that the trailer, firstly, should not be designed to transport passengers, and secondly, the total permissible maximum weight of the bus and trailer should not exceed 12 tons.

I note that drivers with category D can drive buses of subcategory D1, and drivers with category DE can drive buses with trailers of subcategory D1E.

Definition of category B for trucks

Category B includes cars weighing no more than 3500 kg. And also the number of passenger seats, not counting the driver’s seat, should not be more than 8. Having category B, the driver can drive passenger vehicles, small trucks, minibuses and jeeps. The use of a trailer is also permitted, but its weight must not exceed 750 kg.

But sometimes this weight is allowed to exceed:

• if the weight of the trailer does not exceed the permissible weight of the vehicle;
• The weight of the trailer does not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle.

Category C

With this mark on the license it is even simpler - it is needed, unlike category “B”, if the car weighs more than 3.5 tons, but with a number of subtleties:

• provided that the number of seats including the driver is less than 9, otherwise it will be a bus,
• with a cargo trailer, if its weight is less than the same 750 kilograms as for category “B”.

Subcategory C1

This mark will be needed if you do not need category “C” (after all, it automatically includes “C1”) and the weight of your truck (or SUV, for example) does not exceed 7.5 tons.

This also includes vehicles up to 7.5 tons with a trailer weighing no more than 750 kg.

Truck rating in category B

If you are thinking about buying a truck, but your license is category B, you can choose a truck that falls under this category. In addition, the choice is quite large.

Check out the rating of the most popular and spacious cargo vehicles from different companies:

Gazelle— invariably remains the most popular car. First of all, it attracts attention with its affordable price, as well as an abundance of spare parts. At the moment, models with a 3 or 6-seater cabin are available for sale. Thanks to the thermal booth, the car van can be used to transport bread or other products.

Regulations for category B trucks

Many drivers believe that there is no difference between cars and trucks of category B. Therefore, when buying cargo vehicles in category B, they continue to drive according to the rules intended for passenger vehicles. Although the traffic rules for these cars are slightly different.

Lane selection

If there are 3 or more lanes on the road, freight vehicles weighing no more than 2.5 tons cannot occupy the leftmost lane. Exceptions occur only during active traffic, if the remaining lanes are occupied. And trucks over 2.5 tons can only enter the lane during maneuvers such as turning left or making a U-turn.

Parking on the edge of the sidewalk

Parking near the sidewalk that borders the highway is allowed for cars, motorcycles, scooters, bicycles, in places where there is a sign with a sign indicating in what way and what type of vehicles parking is allowed. Category B trucks cannot park near the sidewalk; this rule does not apply to them.

Transporting children in a car

According to traffic rules, children from 7 to 11 years old can be transported in trucks, using seat belts or special children's structures, which must correspond to the height and weight of the child. And children can only be transported in the front seats of passenger cars in special restraints.

Transporting a trailer

A driver who has category B can transport a trailer. Its permissible weight should not exceed 750 kg. The next step is to properly load the trailer. The maximum load on the coupling device should be approximately 30 to 70 kg, depending on the size of the trailer and the load capacity of the vehicle. For example, if you load only the rear part, then when driving the trailer will rise up like a lever. In this case, any unevenness may cause the car to skid. The placement of the load in the front of the trailer is also considered incorrect.

Because this will cause the rear axle to press harder against the road, lifting the front wheels. In such a situation, the car is difficult to control, as it will shake. On the road, during turns, there are times when trailers overturn; to prevent this from happening, you must slow down before turning. Also, the dimensions of the trailer itself may be larger than the car. Therefore, when reversing, you must be careful or install additional rear-view mirrors.

Environmental signs for trucks

There are also environmental labels that apply to light-duty trucks, but do not apply to passenger cars:

• zone with restricted environmental class of trucks - this designates the place from which the road begins on which the movement of trucks is prohibited;
• the end of the zone with restrictions on the environmental class of trucks.

Now you know that in order to purchase a small truck it is not necessary to open another category. Among the huge selection of category B truck models, you can easily choose the one that suits you in all respects. But before you start using it, we recommend that you carefully read the rules and practice driving it on non-busy roads.

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