Decoding driver's license categories
Each category and subcategory has its own individual requirements for road transport. A breakdown of the driver's license categories is given below.
A
A category A transport license allows you to drive the following motor vehicles:
- motorized strollers;
- motorcycles;
- motorcycles with motorcycle trailers.
The definition of a motorcycle is a two-wheeled vehicle with an engine capacity of 50 cubic centimeters or more and a maximum speed of more than fifty km/h. A side stroller is allowed. Motorcycles also include three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles whose weight does not exceed 0.4 tons, excluding the battery.
A1
Letter A1 allows you to drive only motorcycles. These licenses are issued for driving a scooter or ATV. Transport must meet the following characteristics:
- power up to eleven kilowatts;
- engine capacity from 50 to 125 cubic meters;
- lack of a motorcycle trailer.
B
Category B includes passenger vehicles. It must meet the following requirements:
- weight no more than three and a half tons;
- nine seats including the driver's seat;
- it is possible to carry a load of up to 0.75 tons;
- a trailer can have more weight, but then it must be smaller than a car.
BE
This group includes passenger vehicles with heavy loads. In 2021, a citizen has the right to drive a car with a trailer that meets these characteristics:
- weight more than 0.75 tons;
- total weight more than 3.5 tons;
- the mass of the cargo is greater than the mass of the vehicle without load.
To obtain a VE, you must pass an additional exam, since the certificate belongs to a separate group.
B1
This is a subcategory that appeared relatively recently. There is practically no clear information in official documents about what fits the definition of this car. Article 25 of Federal Law No. 196 states that this includes tricycles and ATVs.
C
Category C includes trucks of various capacities:
- weighing from three and a half tons;
- vehicles with trailers less than 0.75 tons.
Letter C includes all road transport used for cargo transportation.
C.E.
Category CE includes vehicles with a trailer weighing more than 0.75 tons. The vehicle requires certain driving skills, because it is difficult to maneuver with such a heavy vehicle. There is a traffic ban on some roads.
C1
C1 includes lightweight vehicles for cargo transportation. Parameters for these cars:
- weight from three and a half to seven and a half tons;
- vehicle with a load of up to 0.75 tons.
When a citizen receives a category C license, C1 is automatically assigned. In 2021, it becomes possible to take subcategory C1 separately.
C1E
This includes vehicles with a trailer, for which there are clear requirements. This is a lighter version of the CE, because here the weight of the trailer can be more than 0.75 tons, but only if the following conditions are met:
- total weight less than twelve tons;
- The weight of the load must not exceed the unladen weight of the main vehicle.
The subcategory is obtained when passing the CE, but there is an opportunity to pass it separately.
D
D is a motor vehicle designed to transport passengers. The main emphasis of the rights is the number of seats. There are certain weight requirements here. Trams and trolleybuses are not included in these driving categories.
DE
The letter E usually indicates the presence of a trailer, but passenger buses with a cargo trailer are extremely rare on the roads. Articulated buses mainly fall into this subcategory.
D1
This subcategory includes minibuses that have from 9 to 17 seats including the driver’s seat. This vehicle can have a trailer for transporting goods weighing 0.75 tons.
D1E
This subcategory includes various passenger vehicles that have the following parameters:
- from nine to seventeen seats, including the driver's seat;
- the total weight of the vehicle with cargo should not exceed twelve tons;
- there is a special trailer for transporting various cargoes less than 0.75 tons.
M
This group has appeared recently and is designed to regulate moped riding. In 2021, this includes lightweight ATVs. A moped is a type of two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicle that meets the following parameters:
- maximum speed – no more than fifty kilometers per hour;
- engine volume – up to fifty centimeters cubed;
- power up to four kilowatts.
A certificate marked M is obtained when passing a license for absolutely any other type of license. It is worth noting that in addition to mopeds, this includes electric bicycles and other means of transportation.
Tm
This category includes trams. Both single and articulated models can be controlled.
Number of seats
If we talk about the capacity of the bus, the prefix “micro” fully explains the nuances of this subcategory. All cars of this type can be divided into two groups, based on what category is needed for the minibus:
- Cars that can be driven with a category B driver's license. Their weight should not exceed 3.5 tons, and the number of seats in the cabin cannot be more than eight. This group typically includes small vans or large SUVs that meet a given weight limit.
- A car that you can drive if you have a category “D” license. All buses of small, medium and large capacity belong to this type, and therefore there is a certain gradation within the category. To drive passenger minibuses with a number of seats from 8 to 16, a “D1” certificate is issued. Licenses for large vehicles intended for transporting people are marked with the symbols “DE” and “D1E”.
How to get license for category C1?
You can undergo training and pass an exam at the traffic police as soon as you turn 18 years old. There is no separate training for driving trucks in the C1 subcategory, since it opens simultaneously with category C. This means that you need to go to a driving school for training in category C and get a license that will immediately open to C1.
If you already have a job in mind that you hope to occupy after completing training, we advise you to immediately ask your employer for details about driving with a trailer. Sometimes during the work it turns out that a heavy trailer can be added to the truck, the weight of which exceeds 0.75 tons. This means that you will need to undergo additional training to open a subcategory that allows driving such a road train. A certificate with categories C and C1 does not give such a right.
Fine for driving without an open license category
What is the penalty for driving a vehicle without an open category?
If you get behind the wheel of a vehicle, but do not have the right to drive it (that is, you do not have the corresponding “open” category), get ready to pay a fine under Article 27.12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses in the amount of 5–15 thousand rubles, as well as you will be removed from driving the vehicle, the vehicle will be detained and moved to a parking lot.
Today there are categories:
"A" (motorcycles);
“A1” Light motorcycles with an engine capacity of no more than 125 cm and whose power should not exceed 11 kilowatts;
“B” (Cars, with the exception of those belonging to category A, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 3500 kilograms and the number of seats in which, in addition to the driver’s seat, does not exceed eight.)
“B1” Quadricycles and sights;
“C” (Cars, with the exception of those belonging to category D, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3500 kilograms.);
“C1” Trucks with a permissible maximum weight from 3.5 to 7.5 tons;
"D" (Motor vehicles designed for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat.);
“D1” Buses equipped with 9-16 seats, excluding the driver’s seat;
“E” (Vehicle combinations with a tractor belonging to categories B, C or D, which the driver has the right to drive, but which are not themselves included in one of these categories or in these categories. (Trailer.));
“M” Mopeds, scooters, and light quadricycles with an engine capacity of up to 50 cubic meters. cm.
In order to drive any of these vehicles, you must obtain the appropriate category of license by completing training at a driving school and successfully passing exams at the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate.
sporic.ru
How to get a license for a scooter
How to get category M and is it possible now? Yes, because the government has already drawn up and approved a program for training and obtaining category M licenses, and all driving schools with the appropriate license have the right to train citizens.
Category M can be obtained for a scooter up to 50cc
Where and how can I get it
To understand how to get a license for a scooter up to 50cc, you just need to familiarize yourself with the algorithm for obtaining licenses in other categories.
For scooters you will have to do approximately the same:
- To begin with, go through a medical examination. Doctors must conclude that the person does not have any diseases that prevent driving. The specialists who need to be examined include a psychiatrist and a narcologist.
- Choose a driving school and sign up for training.
- Pay for all classes and get all the necessary knowledge - theory and practice.
- Pass the exam at a driving school.
- Pass certification at the traffic police department.
If you fail the exam, you can take it again. The next attempt becomes available no earlier than after 7 days. If the candidate exhausts three attempts in this way, the next one will be available only after 30 calendar days.
You can retake the exam if you fail it.
Conditions of receipt
What do you need to get a license for a scooter? After completing the training, before the exam at the traffic police, you must collect a package of documents and submit it to the traffic police department.
The list of documents is as follows:
- Application for a driver's license. It is filled out using a standard form, a sample of which can always be found on the traffic police website, or obtained from the department.
- Certificate of successful completion of the training course issued by the driving school.
- The driver’s medical examination card with marks from each of the medical specialists.
- Receipt for payment of state duty.
- Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation or other identity card with confirmation of registration address.
Admission to take the opening exam of category M
To be admitted to the exam you need:
- Pass a medical examination.
- Receive a document confirming the training completed at the driving school.
- Submit an application and documents to the traffic police and pay the state fee using the details received.
How much does it cost to get a scooter license? When registering a regular license, the state fee is 500 rubles; for a laminated card you will have to pay 2,000.
To be allowed to take the exam, you need to collect a package of documents.
Categories C and C1 – what is the difference?
As you can understand by studying the table of driver categories, a category C license allows you to drive a truck that weighs more than 3.5 tons. This list actually includes all trucks, both small and heavy trucks. But their number does not include buses and minibuses carrying passengers, cars and motorcycles. Also, keep in mind that your truck trailer cannot weigh more than 0.75 tons. To transport heavier trailers, you will need to open another category and undergo additional training.
Driver's license with category C1
So, we have sorted out category C - compared to the previous rules, practically nothing has changed in it. Subcategory C1 is usually of much greater interest. It gives the right to drive small and medium-sized trucks whose weight ranges between 3.5 and 7.5 tons. The trailer for such a truck should also not weigh more than 0.75 tons. If you have a driver’s license with subcategory C, you automatically acquire the right to drive light and medium trucks included in subcategory C1.
