Is it possible to transport people in a trailer? Trailer-dacha (38 photos): difference from a motorhome

Changes in 2021

The driver's liability for violating the rules for transporting people in 2018 became stricter. There are two new rules:

1. The fine for violating the overload rules will have to be paid by the driver himself. Previously, sanctions were imposed on the driver and the offending passengers.
2. Fines can be cumulative. Previously, for a double violation, the driver paid only one, the largest fine.

Regarding the second point. In a situation where the driver of a five-seater car is carrying a sixth passenger on the roof, who is also unbelted and under 12 years of age, he will have to pay for all 4 violations in the amount of 5,500 rubles. Of course, such a situation is unlikely, but traffic police inspectors have already repeatedly recorded double violations, for which the driver also had to pay double.

Let's summarize. It is allowed to carry as many people in a passenger car as is provided for by the technical features of the vehicle, but not more than the number of seat belts. For violation - a fine of 500 rubles for each excess passenger and 1000 rubles for each unbelted person.

The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for a fine for incorrect transportation of people. It will range from 1000 to 3000 rubles.

The amount depends on the age of the passengers whose rights are violated. Failure to comply with the requirements may result in an administrative fine. According to the Code of Administrative Offenses, penalties are imposed taking into account the violation itself:

• , excluding situations provided for in articles of the constitution. In this case, the fine will be 500 rubles.
• Transporting people outside the driver's cabin (with the exception of permitted traffic regulations). This includes a tractor, a self-propelled vehicle with a trailer, a caravan trailer, and the body of a cargo motorcycle. It is important that all these vehicles have seats for passengers, otherwise the fine for transportation will be 1000 rubles.
• . In this case, the fine will be about 3,000 rubles (read about the fine for an unfastened child, and from here you will learn what the punishment may be for transporting a baby in the front seat without a seat).

The most serious violation can be called neglect of children's rights. The truck must have a special flatbed on which children of different ages can be transported. The fine for incorrect transportation of passengers is regulated by Article 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation on “Violation of the rules for transporting people.” The article regulates the discrepancy between transportation rules in and outside the cabin.

Where is it prohibited to transport a person?

If the truck does not have guards and strong seats for passengers, then transporting people is impossible. Taking into account the Code of Administrative Offenses, it is worth noting that there is no article that will regulate the amount of the fine. Charges may be brought under Article 12.23.

If you take into account its provisions, you will be able to obtain a protocol only if people can be outside the vehicle. This may include space in a cargo trailer, car or motorcycle sidecar. If people and their large items are transported incorrectly, a fine of 1,000 rubles will be imposed on the driver.

Is the trailer, according to its technical parameters, intended for transporting people?

Despite the presence of seating in the caravan trailer, this design is not intended for transporting people. And there are several explanations for this.

Firstly, the seats in the trailer are not equipped with seat belts and are not properly secured in the body, unlike the seats in the car, which have certain strength requirements.

Secondly, if a person gets up while moving and begins to move along the trailer, the balance of the structure will be disrupted, and accordingly this will affect the overall controllability. As a result, the driver may lose control.

Thirdly, there are a number of dangerous objects in the caravan trailer, for example, furniture, breakable dishes, gas and water cylinders or tools. During sudden braking, these objects can fly out of their places and hit a person, causing him serious injuries.

Fourthly, the trailer’s fastening may be damaged during a sharp turn or on a bend. As a result, the trailer is capable of overturning or driving into oncoming traffic and getting into an accident. In both cases, the person inside will certainly suffer.

Thus, it becomes clear that even the most modern caravan trailer with all the amenities inside is not intended for transporting people.

IMPORTANT! For transporting passengers in a dangerous caravan trailer, a fine of 500 rubles is imposed. This is clearly stated in Article 12.23, paragraph 1, of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Violation of the rules for transporting people in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

Violation of the rules for transporting people is punishable under the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation under Article 12.23, that is, 500 rubles. There are sanctions for other offenses in this regard, imposed not only on drivers:

More on AutoLex.Net:

Statute of limitations for traffic police fines in 2021

How many people can you carry in a car?

We are talking about a passenger car, where the number of permissible passengers is limited by the number of seats. Paragraph 22.8 of the traffic rules indicates that it is forbidden to transport people in excess of the number provided for by the technical characteristics of the vehicle. It turns out that if there are five seats in a car including the driver’s, then the sixth and subsequent passengers will have to pay.

But another question arises: does this rule apply to transporting children, since four children can easily fit in the three rear seats? This will be considered a violation, since the law stipulates the rule for transporting people in general, without division by gender or age. All details about the rules for transporting children in a car.

To understand how many people can be transported in a particular car, you need to refer to the technical specifications. If it states that the car is a five-seater, then only four people are allowed (a fifth seat for the driver).

Another important point. Passengers can only be transported inside the vehicle. Extreme sports enthusiasts who like to ride on the roof and in the trunk will face a fine.

History of bus trailers

People in the trailer

Alexander Trokhachev, Yuri Petrov, photo by Alexander Trokhachev, Leandro Tavolare, Giovanni Kaiblinger, Roberto Costa, Dario Vincini, Massimi Condolco, Oliver Wadewitz, Tobias M. Lehmann, Martin Stöcker and manufacturers

Four years ago, Göppel Bus GmbH unveiled plans to bring back bus trailers to the European market, which were banned 40 years ago. It seemed that the experiment had no prospects. Who needs trailers when there are already convenient “accordions” and tons of bus builders?! However, the experience of the German Göppel, the Swiss Hess and the American El Dorado shows the opposite.

Trailers for transporting people with motorized tractors appeared almost simultaneously with the first steam locomotives in the mid-19th century.

In 1850, Ransomes began producing New Favorite steam trailer trains to a design by William Thomson. The use of massive steam engines and the high cost of maintenance hampered the development of a new type of public transport in other countries that did not have a developed coal industry. For example, the 10.5-ton tractor of the English engineer Burell with a 5-ton trailed omnibus reached speeds of up to 8 km/h on the roads and was designed as a tractor. However, tractors and rutiers were very useful during the Crimean and Boer wars, as well as during the Indian campaigns. An important detail: these vehicles, which were put into service, were initially considered as a shuttle bus for VIPs, in modern terms.

The first Daimler bus train came out in 1905. In 1906, one of the first manufacturers in this area was the Heinrich Büssing company, which launched mass production of Büssing passenger trailers in 1913.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the need for trailers was clear. By that time, the locomotives were already hauling 30 cars. Trams ran with two trailed cars, and with the growth of capacity in motor transport, the problem was not solved by a banal lengthening of the wheelbase and the presence of a second floor. In the first case, this was hampered by the narrow streets of old cities, and in the second, the overhead clearance under the bridges was too low and the speed dropped to 5 km/h when maneuvering. Trailers made it possible to kill all the birds with one stone.

Interestingly, the first four-wheel drive bus with gasoline-electric drive was a passenger road train. For the Vienna municipal transport company, Lohner produced two duobuses with trailers in 1909. Jacob Lehner, using Porsche all-wheel drive, increased the tractor's adhesive weight coefficient to one, and by hooking up a lightweight (only 1.5 tons) 26-seater trailer, he doubled the capacity without increasing the axle load. This is very important when passing bridges that were built in the pre-Napoleonic era and were not designed for such loads. In addition, the increase in Lohner efficiency with the internal combustion engine + electric drive scheme promised improved acceleration dynamics: in 10 seconds up to 40 km / h versus 30 km / h for the same cars with internal combustion engines.

In 1909, Daimler-Marienfelde was already serially producing the 28-horsepower D4 road train and the 35-horsepower E4. And when the DM 2b with a roof rack on the Königssee trailer appeared in 1914, the specialization of buses with trailers was finally established in suburban transport. The design seed fell on fertile soil, and soon there were countless manufacturers of passenger trailers, and courier and postal services were added to the number of consumers. This was largely due to the post-war crisis and the growing power of buses. Thus, Karl Kässbohrer, having released an 18-seater trailer in 1922, very accurately positioned it on the market with the slogan: “Power should not be idle!”

Since 1925, MAN has supplied the 65-horsepower 3.5-ton NOB and the 4.5-ton NOG and NON with engines of 85, 90 and 100 hp, specially designed for bus trailers. In 1927, a DAAG road train with two passenger trailers, pulled by a tractor with an engine power of only 55 hp, entered the streets of Hamburg.

By the end of 1928, every 30th European bus was equipped with trailers. And during 1936–1941. every second of the 66 buses of the F2N, D1 and MP types purchased with money from transport companies was equipped with a trailer!

The reason for the craze for trailers in Germany lies in the lack of its own oil fields and the high cost of synthesizing gasoline from coal. Fact: in some cities, trailers were formally registered with the tram depot, where they were periodically repaired. Some automakers produced trailers themselves (Alfa-Romeo, Büssing, Daimler, FIAT, Magirus, Opel), while others outsourced them to specialized body shops such as Anhönger, Barbi, Dalla Via, Düwag, Fross, Hanomag, Königssee, Lange & Gutzeit, Macchi, MAVAG, Piaggio, Saurer, SICCA, Sodomka, etc. Couplings were built not only for cities and suburbs, but also for high-speed intercity transport. As an example, we can cite the 160-horsepower intercity road train Vomag 5 OR 658, model 1939.

The boarding of passengers in the trailer was handled by the platform controller, but the practice of pre-selling tickets to the final station was widespread. Passengers on the tractor-bus were served by a regular conductor. This solution made it possible to provide maximum comfort for passengers traveling long distances and to unload the trailer. Seats for standing passengers were provided only on the bus, for which the coefficient of adhesion mass was important. Nevertheless, trailers did not take root well in cities. The disadvantages of such road trains were low acceleration dynamics, steep station entrances and lower capacity compared to articulated buses that were just appearing. However, even the Accordion’s Achilles’ heel was the trailer itself. If it malfunctioned (wear of the bellows, hinge units, steering rod system, etc.), the bus was not allowed on the line. In Italy, the equipment began to be modified into the likeness of modern single-axle trailers with bellows, which made it possible to operate them in cities. An example is the 3-axle Macchi Alfa Romeo AM.

The flourishing of passenger road trains was interrupted by the Second World War. And the post-war revival of bus trailers was swift but short-lived. In 1948, Büssing and NAG made the Typ 900 natural gas bus with the Orion WH 112 trailer with 38 seats (24 seated and 14 standing), and later with 60 seats. Gas cylinders were located under the roof on the bus and trailer. Similar “gas tanks” were used on Chinese buses in the 1970s. At this time, trailers were already equipped with all steered axles, which, when turning, allowed the trailer to move in the rut of the tractor.

There were also short ones like the 12-seater 3.2-meter Eylert GO 900 with a bogie rotary axle. By this time, history already knew both double-decker passenger trailers and models with a roof rack. The range of bus trailers included two-, three- and even four-axle models, both with a universal design and built for specific brands of buses. In 1949, an example of using a city road train was shown by Theodor Pekol from Oldenburg (Germany). Its coupling with a 100-horsepower tractor could carry 37 passengers sitting and 55 standing. The struggle for maximum passenger capacity resulted in the fact that in 1950 FAUN released the 150-horsepower model O7V with a wheelbase of 6.0 m and the 175-horsepower O9V with a wheelbase of 6.8 m. Their capacity ranged from 70 to 90 passengers. In 1952, the Kraus-Maffei KMO 133 road train with a 120 hp tractor appeared, and in 1955 such a trailer for the Mercedes-Benz O5000 was created by Düwag.

Just how popular bus trailers were is already evidenced by the fact that the Silbervogel bus bureau from Frankfurt in 1952 had a fleet of 12 buses and 6 trailers for them, which operated on tourist routes to Spain and Austria. In general, according to statistics, every fifth bus in Germany was operated with a trailer. At this time, the companies Auwärter, Büssing, Cansa, Castrosua, Drögmöller, Düwag, Eylert, FAKA (Kannenberg), Gaubschat, Graaf, Henschel, Hess, Jessen, Lancia, Ludewig, Macchi, Mauri, NAW, N were engaged in the construction of trailers in Western Europe Trutz, Orion, Pegaso, Saurer, SEAC, Trailers Carde, Viberti, Wille, Wankmiller, WBF.

After the brief and explosive heyday of bus trailers, their use in Europe was banned by law in 1956. Passenger hitches took up a lot of space on the road, their maneuvering was not always safe, and use in mountain conditions was completely out of the question. There was a great danger of the brakes folding and failing.

By the late 1960s, trailers were dying out. The VÖV regulations of 1967, which determined the size and weight standards for “obustips”, deprived full-fledged passenger trailers of the right to life.

However, the topic did not want to die. In the early 1950s, trailers connected to the bus through a bellows began to become common on urban routes. Such 18-meter structures were quietly produced in Italy in the 1970s. For a long time, Switzerland and Spain remained a separate reserve, where separate trailers for trolleybuses and buses survived until the 1990s. European laws also did not apply to the countries of the socialist camp. In the GDR in 1950–1960 bus trailers were actively used in Berlin, Eisenach, Karl-Marx-Stadt, Leipzig, Magdeburg and Dresden. The basis was IFA H6 B/L buses from the Chemnitz plant Autobus GmbH Sachsen Regionalverkehr Chemnitz with W701 trailers from the Weimar plant. In 1964, Poland began producing 7-meter Jelcz PO 1 trailers with body panels from Jelcz 043 for 30 seated and 12 standing passengers. This clearly suburban model also had an urban modification, the Jelcz 046, with a double-leaf door. Jelcz trailers were produced in a 25-seater version with 4 rows of seats. At the very beginning of the 1980s, there was an attempt to produce trailers based on the Jelcz PR 110. Also, two-axle trailers for Ikarus 60, -620 and -66 were produced by the Hungarian MAVAUT and Ikarus.

Nevertheless, bus trailers were widely used for excursion purposes. In this series we can recall the Tourmobile Sightseeing Tour from Washington, 5-link NRM from York, El Dorado from the Grand Canyon. In April 1978, a 36-seat Steyr SL12 H210 + Per-Auhof A2 hitch was released to serve the Austrian postal department. The Hess company slowly developed a wide range of Hess APM 5.2-13 and APM 5.6-13 trailers, which were even produced (in 2002) in Estonia for Hess Scania L94UB buses. The American El Dorado National (THOR Co.) mastered the Transmark RE TRE29 series with 20- and 30-passenger trailers produced for the USA, Canada, the Middle East, Australia and Japan.

The current production of trailers and those that existed in the last century are far from the same thing. And it’s not just about engineering and the materials used. It’s about the level of safety, technology, and production volumes. In the 50s, the Karosa plant in the city of Vysoke Myto (Czechoslovakia) produced up to 160 passenger bus trailers per year, and now the German company Göppel and El Dorado produce no more than 20 units with a production capacity of up to 50 copies. By the way, the production of a modern passenger trailer is not a cheap pleasure: its price is only 25% less than the price of a full-fledged bus. And let's not forget: the bill runs into hundreds of thousands of euros. For example, the Göppel Midi Train road train costs 400 thousand euros. So figure out what the share of the trailer is...

What is a trailer?

The concept of “trailer” is discussed in paragraph 1.2 of the traffic rules:

“Trailer” is a vehicle that is not equipped with an engine and is intended to be driven in conjunction with a power-driven vehicle. The term also applies to semi-trailers and trailers.

Please note that from the point of view of traffic regulations, a trailer is a vehicle .

For example, this means that a collision between a trailer and an object constitutes a traffic accident.

A car together with a trailer is called a road train:

“Road train” is a mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer(s).

This concept can be applied to both trucks and cars with trailers.