What to carry?
The most convenient way to transport any of the devices mentioned is to place it in the back of a pickup truck or minivan. This way you are practically unlimited in speed, while with a trailer on the highway - up to 90 km/h and on a regular road - up to 70 km/h.
Without a trailer, aerodynamics are better and, accordingly, fuel consumption is lower. And the cross-country ability is higher, which is important in the “last mile” before the target. It is more convenient to secure cargo in the back of a pickup truck, since there are usually mounting eyes there. Some trailers, for example, do not have them. But if you can’t do without a trailer, pay attention to the following two points.
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/ Legal articles on automobile law / Traffic and safety issues / Rules for transporting goods on a passenger trailer
Rules for transporting goods on a passenger trailer
A trailer is a vehicle, not equipped with an autonomous engine, used for the transportation of goods in conjunction with a motor vehicle. A passenger trailer also belongs to a full-fledged vehicle, and therefore, its improper installation or operation can lead to a threat to the safety of road users.
Parameters of trailers for passenger cars
When driving with a trailer, the car plays the role of a tractor, and the trailer is attached to it using a rigid connecting element - a towbar, which is equipped with electrical wiring and a plug socket. The trailer is equipped with lighting devices: turn signals, brake lights, side lights.
For any type of vehicle, the maximum permissible weight of a loaded trailer is established. If this value is less than 750 kg, then the driver can drive with category “B” (categories “C” and “D” are also allowed). It is allowed to use a trailer with all vehicles of category “B”; its weight should not exceed the weight of the car.
When choosing a trailer, you need to take into account the intended scope of its use. The following types of operation are most typical for passenger cars:
— It is planned to transport building materials, furniture, and use them for other household needs;
— Transportation of snowmobiles, hydro- and ATVs;
Driving with a trailer
When overtaking and braking, it should be taken into account that the presence of a trailer causes a decrease in acceleration dynamics and an increase in braking distance, therefore:
— Braking should be done smoothly, even when there is no load;
— It is necessary to keep a distance from the car in front, and when you need to slow down, you need to do it gradually;
— If you need to turn, you need to start slowing down in advance; turns are driven “pull”. You need to brake without jerking, as this leads to the trailer and the car skidding or “folding”, since when turning, the radius of movement of the trailer wheel is less than the radius of the tractor wheel;
— Maneuvering, changing lanes in traffic and parking are difficult, especially within the city. Particular care is required when driving in reverse, especially with a trailer with a high awning. At increased speed and too much cargo, the trailer begins to swing to the sides;
The amount of fuel consumed when driving with a trailer does not increase noticeably. Typically, the increase in consumption is 5-15% depending on travel conditions and cargo weight (the higher the weight, the higher the consumption).
Paperwork
The trailer must be registered with the traffic police as an independent vehicle, receiving a separate certificate and license plate.
If the owner of the trailer is an individual, its technical inspection is not considered a mandatory procedure; this is only necessary for organizations.
At the request of the traffic police officer, the driver of the car, together with the documents for the car, is obliged to provide registration documents for the trailer.
Travel speed with a trailer and methods of marking the load
In accordance with traffic regulations, the maximum permissible speed for driving with trailers, compared to driving without trailers, is reduced by 20 km. and amounts to:
— 70 km/h on regular roads;
— 90 km/h – on highways;
The distance from the top of a loaded trailer to the road surface should not exceed 4 m, the width of the load cannot be more than 2.55 m. The load at the rear is not allowed to protrude more than 2 m.
If the load protrudes beyond the dimensions of the vehicle by 1 m in front and behind, or by 0.4 m on the side of the side light, it is necessary to install the “Large Load” sign. In addition, at night or in case of poor visibility, red lanterns or reflectors are installed behind, and a white lantern or reflector is installed in front.
If the dimensions are exceeded, the tractor must be equipped with rear-view mirrors on extended brackets.
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It is prohibited to transport people on cargo trailers or caravan trailers. The weight of the load and its distribution along the axes should not exceed the volumes established during manufacture.
The driver’s responsibilities include placing, securing and securing the cargo so that it does not fall out while driving and does not create interference for road users.
When placing the load, it is necessary to ensure its uniform distribution, and the center of gravity must fall on the axle (if the trailer is single-axle) or axles (if the trailer is two-axle):
If the center of gravity moves forward, the load is placed on the hitch point and the rear of the vehicle, resulting in reduced traction between the front wheels and the road.
If the center of gravity is shifted rearward, it causes the rear of the vehicle to lift and reduce traction between the rear wheels and the road.
The load should not block the driver's view, interfere with control, or disrupt the stability of the vehicle; lighting devices should not obscure hand signals. In addition, the cargo must not pollute the environment.
Be sure to carry chocks (2 pieces) with you to install under the wheels when stopping on sections of the road with a slope.
Before driving, it is the driver’s responsibility to check the technical condition of the vehicle, in particular:
— Checking the presence of lubrication on the tow bar;
— Check for play between the coupling ball and the assembly. If play is detected, it must be eliminated;
— Checking the tire pressure level;
— Checking the reliability of the connection between the safety rope and the chain;
-Checking lighting devices;
It is prohibited to drive if there is a malfunction of the brake or clutch system, a problem with the steering, a malfunction of the headlights and side lights, or a windshield wiper on the driver’s side.
During the journey, the driver is also obliged to ensure that the vehicle is in good working order in full compliance with the rules of safe movement. It is prohibited to make changes to the design of the trailer without the approval of the traffic police.
That's all, good luck on the roads!
Vehicles of category M1
Vehicles not subject to categorization
trailer
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Category on driver's license
The vast majority of car owners in our country have a category B driver’s license, which allows them to drive vehicles with a gross weight not exceeding 3.5 tons. The Federal Law “On Road Safety” (Article 25) allows a driver with category B to drive category B vehicles with a trailer in two cases:
- the maximum trailer weight does not exceed 750 kg;
- the maximum mass of the trailer exceeds 750 kg, but does not exceed the unladen mass of the vehicle, provided that the total permissible maximum mass of such combination does not exceed 3500 kg.
Excerpt from traffic regulations on the operation of trailers for passenger cars
If you decide to purchase a passenger trailer, we recommend that you refresh your memory and once again familiarize yourself with the current Traffic Rules in force in Russia. For your convenience, from all the traffic rules we have chosen only those that relate to driving a light trailer. The rules are current as of August 12, 2014; you can always ensure the relevance and read the traffic rules in full on the website of the legal system “Consultant Plus”.
Terms
1.2. The Rules use the following basic concepts and terms: “Road train” is a mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer (trailers). “Trailer” is a vehicle that is not equipped with an engine and is intended to be driven in conjunction with a power-driven vehicle. The term also applies to semi-trailers and trailers. “Vehicle” is a device designed to transport on roads people, goods or equipment installed on it. “Motor driven vehicle” is a vehicle driven by an engine. The term also applies to any tractors and self-propelled machines.
Documents for the trailer
2.1. The driver of a power-driven vehicle is obliged to: 2.1.1. Carry with you and, at the request of police officers, hand over to them for verification:
- a driver's license or temporary permit to drive a vehicle of the appropriate category;
- registration documents for this vehicle (except for mopeds), and if there is a trailer, also for the trailer (except for trailers for mopeds);
- insurance policy of compulsory civil liability insurance of the vehicle owner in cases where the obligation to insure one’s civil liability is established by federal law. (about cases when compulsory motor liability insurance is required for a trailer, read our article “Insurance for a trailer” - Buy a trailer)
Permitted speed with trailer
10.3. Movement outside populated areas is permitted:
…
for other buses, cars when towing a trailer, trucks with a permissible maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons on highways - no more than 90 km/h, on other roads - no more than 70 km/h;
Trailer lights and reflectors
19.1. At night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, regardless of the road lighting, as well as in tunnels, the following lighting devices must be turned on on a moving vehicle: on all motor vehicles and mopeds - high or low beam headlights, on bicycles - headlights or lanterns, on horse-drawn carts - lanterns (if available); on trailers and towed motor vehicles - side lights.
Rules for transporting goods on a trailer
23. Transportation of goods
23.1. The weight of the transported cargo and the load distribution along the axles must not exceed the values established by the manufacturer for this vehicle.
23.2. Before starting and while driving, the driver is obliged to control the placement, fastening and condition of the load in order to avoid it falling and creating obstacles to movement.
23.3. Transportation of cargo is permitted provided that it:
- does not limit the driver's visibility;
- does not complicate control and does not affect the stability of the vehicle;
- does not cover external lighting devices and reflectors, registration and identification marks, and does not interfere with the perception of hand signals;
- does not create noise, does not create dust, does not pollute the road or the environment.
If the condition and placement of the cargo do not meet the specified requirements, the driver is obliged to take measures to eliminate violations of the listed transportation rules or stop further movement.
23.4. A load protruding beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front and behind by more than 1 m or on the side by more than 0.4 m from the outer edge of the side light must be marked with identification signs “Large load”, and in the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility In addition, in front - a flashlight or a white reflector, at the back - a flashlight or a red reflector.
23.5. Transportation of heavy and dangerous goods, movement of a vehicle whose overall dimensions, with or without cargo, exceed 2.55 m in width (2.6 m for refrigerators and isothermal bodies), 4 m in height from the surface of the roadway, and in length ( including one trailer) 20 m, or the movement of a vehicle with a load protruding beyond the rear point of the vehicle's overall dimensions by more than 2 m, as well as the movement of road trains with two or more trailers are carried out in accordance with special rules.
Fine: Article of the Code of Administrative Offenses 12.21. “Violation of the rules for the transportation of goods, rules of towing 1. Violation of the rules for the transportation of goods, as well as the rules of towing, entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles.”
List of faults and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited
3.1. The number, type, color, location and operating mode of external lighting devices do not meet the requirements of the vehicle design.
5.1. Passenger car tires have a residual tread depth of less than 1.6 mm, truck tires - 1 mm, buses - 2 mm, motorcycles and mopeds - 0.8 mm. For trailers, standards for the residual height of the tire tread pattern are established, similar to the standards for tires of vehicles - tractors. 5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, breaks), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, peeling of the tread and sidewall. 5.3. The fastening bolt (nut) is missing or there are cracks in the disk and wheel rims, there are visible irregularities in the shape and size of the mounting holes. 5.4. The tires are not the correct size or load capacity for the vehicle model. Information about changes: 5.5. One axle of the vehicle is equipped with tires of various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, tubed, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant, new and reconditioned, new and with an in-depth tread pattern. The vehicle is equipped with studded and non-studded tires.
7.5. There are no rear protective devices, mudguards or mudguards provided for by the design.
7.6. The towing coupling and support coupling devices of the tractor and trailer link are faulty, and the safety cables (chains) provided for by their design are missing or faulty. There are gaps in the connections between the motorcycle frame and the side trailer frame.
7.18. Changes have been made to the design of the vehicle without permission from the State Road Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation or other bodies determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Fine: Article of the Code of Administrative Offenses 12.5. “Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited, or a vehicle on which the identification mark “Disabled” is illegally installed 1. Driving a vehicle in the presence of malfunctions or conditions under which, in accordance with the Basic Provisions for Admission vehicles for operation and the duties of officials to ensure road safety, the operation of a vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of malfunctions and conditions specified in parts 2 - 7 of this article - entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles .
2. Driving a vehicle with a known faulty braking system (except for the parking brake), steering or coupling device (as part of a train) - entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles .”
Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated March 2, 2009 N 185 (as amended on December 22, 2014) “On approval of the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the execution of the state function of control and supervision of compliance by road users with requirements in the field of road safety”:
"145. If a vehicle is detected that is operating with a malfunction or condition included in the List of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited <1>, or a malfunction provided for by the rules of technical operation (for trolleybuses and trams), with the exception of those specified in parts 2 - 6 of Article 12.5 of the Code, an employee, when initiating a case of an administrative offense provided for in Part 1 of Article 12.5 of the Code, invites the driver to stop driving until the relevant malfunctions or conditions are eliminated , taking into account that the imposition of an administrative penalty does not relieve the driver from fulfilling the obligation for non-fulfillment of which administrative punishment was imposed. At the same time, parking a vehicle should not pose a threat to road safety.”
"146. The grounds for detaining a vehicle are: ... part 2 of article 12.5 (driving a vehicle with a known faulty braking system (except for the parking brake), steering or coupling device (as part of a train)), part 1 of article 12.7 (driving a vehicle by a driver, not having the right to drive a vehicle (except for training driving))"
